Medieval Scotland
At the beginning of the Medieval period, the dominant language in Scotland was Gaelic, and the kingdom was known as Alba. By the 1200s the Scottish royal family and ruling classes had adopted many Norman customs and were speaking a dialect of Northern English called 'Scottis'. During this time, Scotland's troubled relations with its southern neighbour helped to forge the national identity.
These resources focus on what life was like in Medieval Scotland, and Scotland's battle for independence from English rule, led by William Wallace and King Robert Bruce.
Kingdom of Scotland
How did the Gaels get on with the Normans? Who were Alexander III and the Maid of Norway? Why was John Balliol unpopular? Find out more.
Medieval life
Find out more about many aspects of life in thirteenth century Scotland including religion, castles, and trading in Medieval burghs.
Wars of Independence
Find out more about who William Wallace and Robert Bruce were. Learn about the Battle of Bannockburn and the Declaration of Arbroath.