The combined graph below compares the number of rail journeys in Scotland (bar chart,
left-hand axis) and the number of air journeys (line graph, right-hand axis) in a selected period
of time. (By air journeys we mean the number of passengers passing through all Scottish airports.)

(a)	In 1985 a total of £94.2 million was raised from the rail fares. What was the average rail fare in 1985? In 1986 the receipts were £99.5 million. By how much had the average fare risen during that year?
(b)	What is the general trend in each of the two modes of transport?

Q 2/4

We often have one type of graph illustrating the data in general and another looking more closely at a specific part of the data. The line graph to the right shows the total expenditure of the Scottish Arts Council over the period 1984–89. The pie chart below shows the breakdown of expenditure for 1987.

In this pie chart, the sectors follow the legend clockwise from the top. (a) Roughly how much money was spent in 1985? (b) What percentage of the expenditure in 1987 was on drama? (c) Roughly how much money was spent on literature in 1987?

Q 3/4
This bar chart shows the age structure of claimants for benefit one year.
Redraw it as best you can as a percentage component chart.









































Q 4/4
The following chart is one that you are probably not familiar with. It can be used, broadly
speaking, in the same way as a component chart, but in situations where there are only three components.
Notice that each axis is a percentage axis 0–100%.
Suppose a company has a project A where the three costs are: wages £45,000, materials
£100,000 and overheads £20,000. We can turn these into percentages of total cost and get
wages 27%, materials 61% and overheads 12%. We can then plot these percentages on a
special triangular set of axes as shown on the next page.
Project A is shown by a dot, joined with broken lines (at right angles) to the appropriate
percentage on each of the three axes.

Use your skill and judgement to answer the following: (a) What are the three percentages for Project B? (b) If project C cost a total of £190,000 what was the cost of each component? (c) Describe in general terms a project which finds itself near the bottom left-hand corner of the triangle.