Applying the principles at different stages of learning

Although all the principles should apply at any one stage of learning, the principles will have different emphases as a young person learns and develops.

So, for example, the need for breadth will apply very strongly in the earlier stages, to ensure that a child will gain knowledge and understanding across a wide range of areas of learning. More options for specialisation will be available later, once essential outcomes have been achieved.

The nature of choice will also change as a child develops, for example starting with choices in play activities, moving through choices in topics and contexts for learning and eventually reaching opportunities for decisions between programmes which may have implications for subsequent careers.

There will need to be sufficient flexibility in the way in which teaching and learning is managed to find the right blend and balance for each child and young person for their particular stage and circumstances.

To enhance opportunities and allow greater personalisation of learning, schools will need to look beyond their own expertise and resources so that their pupils can have access to suitable provision. This may be through technologies to make connections between learners and teachers at a distance, or partnerships with other schools and colleges.