Section 4

CATERING FOR THE NEEDS OF INDIVIDUAL PUPILS

Pupils with special educational needs



Pupils can have difficulties with mathematics for a number of reasons connected with the nature of the task which teachers can address:
 
the context may have unfamiliar features;

written instructions may be too difficult to read;

the reasoning needed for the task may be too sophisticated;

the value and purpose of a systematic approach may not have been fully understood;

facts and techniques required for the task may not yet have been fully learned,

what is to be learned may need to be broken into smaller steps to help understanding;

the underlying concept may not yet have been fully understood.


Careful assessment is needed to reveal the nature and cause of difficulties so that teachers can minimise the chance of difficulties arising by:

 


providing differentiated tasks or tasks which can be attempted at several levels of achievement;

seeking to match the pace of progress to the range of potential in their class and, as far as possible, challenging pupils without overwhelming them;

trying to provide scope for all pupils in their class to demonstrate their knowledge, understanding and skill.

Demands in problem-solving and enquiry can be adapted to enable every pupil to make a contribution. All, for example, may be able to participate in discussion of the key issues to be considered, in an enquiry, in how to go about it or in aspects of the reporting phase. Pupils may vary widely, however, in the techniques they can bring to the task and hence this phase may need to be divided into a number of sub-tasks of differing difficulty. Greater demands can be made of mathematically gifted pupils. For example, they can be encouraged to generalise, to seek justifications for conclusions and to be more precise in their reporting; they can also be expected to cope with more complex problems which involve a wider range of strategies or extended data.

In learning concepts, facts and techniques, activities involving practical work, educational play and simulations of real-life, using a computer or otherwise, should be organised throughout the age range to provide insight and understanding. Calculators should be used to good purpose as discussed elsewhere in the guidelines. Pupils should only be exposed to the more abstract areas of mathematics when they are ready for them.

Enjoyment of mathematics is not the prerogative of able mathematicians, although the scope for them is wider. All pupils can, and should be encouraged to, gain pleasure and satisfaction in using mathematics. Games, puzzles, constructional equipment, computer software and calculators can create interest and excitement. Some pupils will gain satisfaction from successfully coping with the calculations required for daily routines such as shopping, catering or travel.



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© The Scottish Office Education Department, August 1991