Section 1

RATIONALE

Language and education


Language is at the heart of children's learning. Through language they receive much of their knowledge and acquire many of their skills. Language enables children both to communicate with others effectively for a variety of purposes, and to examine their own and others' experiences, feelings and ideas, giving them order and meaning. Because language is central to children's intellectual, emotional and social development it has an essential role across the curriculum and helps pupils' learning to be coherent and progressive.

Children's earliest language is acquired in the home and in pre-school groups, and schools will build on that foundation and on the children's widening range of experience. This early language will be varied: sometimes it will be dialect and occasionally it will not be English. But it will mirror the diversity of the community the school serves and will contribute to the learning that occurs in the classroom. This language will be handled knowledgeably by teachers so as to meet individual needs, encourage confidence and make learning a pleasurable experience.

Schools attach a high priority to giving pupils a command of the English language and the ability to use it appropriately and concisely to convey meanings. This includes having a knowledge about language; listening attentively; talking to the point; reading with understanding; and writing fluently and legibly with accurate spelling and punctuation.

Schools should provide structured and stimulating opportunities to use language with increasing precision in contexts appropriate to the needs of individuals and the world in which they live. Providing such opportunities will involve the following:


Communicating: for example, receiving and expressing ideas and information; playing; reformulating ideas and information; arguing; persuading; debating; performing in speech and writing; reporting.

Thinking: for example, speculating; hypothesizing; discovering; reflecting; generalizing; synthesizing; classifying; evaluating.

Feeling: for example, describing, reflecting on and considering their own feelings and those of others; dealing with emotional complexities; coping with conflicts between values and feelings; achieving resolutions.

Making: for example, stories, poems, letters, reports and scripts, graphics, sound and video recordings.


Organising English language


The school can best order or structure English language work by referring to the four outcomes of language - Listening, Talking, Reading and Writing - and the purposes for which they are normally used. When teaching and learning are taking place, the activities associated with these outcomes of language cannot usually be separated; all four will interact, but with different weightings for particular stages and needs. Listening may also be associated with watching in, for example,




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© The Scottish Office Education Department, June 1991