MUSIC

It cannot be emphasised enough that pupils gain musical knowledge, understanding and skill by actively taking part in musical experiences. Having learned in this way, the pupil is now free to take control as the performer, the inventor, the listener, and is prepared for a lifetime of musical experience and enjoyment.

The attainment targets and programmes of study offer general guidance to teachers on which to base the teaching and learning of music in the school. They give pointers to possible approaches and options in making up a plan of musical activities to suit their particular pupils, their own abilities, the social environment and the school's resources.

When they are presented with the task of teaching Music, class teachers may gain confidence and find help from advisers, specialists and colleagues, local guidelines, in-service courses and workshops, radio and television programmes, book and tape libraries. There is much that the non-specialist can do, given support from these sources, to ensure that pupils become actively involved in their musical education.

Traditional notation is the accepted written language of music; there will be some pupils who, perhaps in the context of the choir or learning to play an instrument, will find it important to be able to read music. Much can be done within the context of classroom Music to increase familiarity with traditional notation. Whatever methods are used, it must be emphasised that there is no merit in the learning or teaching of traditional notation in isolation. It should arise from a need, and must take place in the context of performing or inventing music, thus making it of practical, rather than purely cognitive, use to the pupil.


Progression in Music


Voice

In the early stages, pupils' vocal skills may not be very well formed. They may have difficulty in singing in tune, or managing leaps in the melody; and rhythms may not be accurate. It is very important to avoid any implied musical rejection because of this, and to encourage singing for enjoyment.

As pupils develop, all the basic elements of singing, such as singing in tune, control of rhythm, sense of underlying pulse, will usually show improvement. When basic vocal control is established, a wider range of expression in singing becomes possible. Pupils can be led to experience a sense of achievement as they strive to apply appropriate dynamics and bring more expressiveness into their singing.

As further development takes place in the voices of both sexes, it is possible to use the resultant increased tone to improve the quality of sound. Boys whose voices are obviously 'breaking' should be encouraged to sing lightly until they feel confident that they can sing more loudly again. The control of breath and muscles can be greater now, as can be the ability to hold a second melodic line confidently. Pupils are becoming more socially aware and can handle more abstract concepts. The choice of material and songs should reflect this.

As more voices 'break', care should be taken not to strain them during this time. In other respects, tone, volume and control all tend to improve.




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© The Scottish Office Education Department, June 1992